台北市湖山國小學校環境與社區之共融
文•圖/台北市湖山國小校長 林民政
一、湖山國小的地理位置:
湖山國小位於台北市陽明山區的湖底盆地，它是一個北側高、南側低的不均等盆地。盆地東西兩側的熔岩流就像媽媽的兩隻手一樣，緊抱著湖底盆地，東邊是紗帽山，西邊是七窟，最北側是七星山，阻擋了冬季南下凜冽的北風，南方開口較低，導引春、夏季濕暖的南風進入盆地裡，這些特殊條件使得湖底盆地冬暖夏涼，特別適合居住。地理學上把這樣的地形稱為『堰塞湖』。
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湖山國小位於此盆地中，擁有約10000平方公尺的土地，雖然不大但因視野遼闊，樹林環抱，其中有山泉、小溪、溫泉，因而生態豐富，環境優美，而鄰近的湖底聚落，因為保存良好，穿巷步道整理的古樸雅致，社區步道旁又有百年桂花樹、菜豆樹、三百年的無患子樹，兼具生態與文化之美。
以上種種因素，造就湖山國小及其鄰近社區成為兼具知性、理性、人文、自然的宜居、宜學的學園聚落。
二、湖山國小願景與十二年國教
湖山國小的發展願景，長久以來因為有優美的校園環境、豐富的自然資源，所以發展出以自然、體驗、學習、生活為核心的學校願景，課程的發展與辦學重點環繞著這願景而推展，而這願景也深深烙印在湖山各項重要教學與活動之中國小的特色中。例如大鼓、跳鼓的學習，畢業音樂會(近年除直笛外也增加了烏克麗麗和陶笛)、藍染課程、陶藝課程、書法教育、黃金屋、禮儀日、校際交流、國際交流、歲末感恩、宿營活動...等。
三、學校、社區環境與教學、小小解說員的融合
湖山國小生態行動團隊聚會及課程研發，討論湖山生態本位課程及小田園及小小解說員課程。
(一)湖山國小步道與湖底社區
湖山步道走一趟大概要右半小時左右，來回約1.3公里，其中會經過湖山國小的迷你水力發電廠，也會經過湖底社區，現在社區步道中有輕鬆雅致的長條椅， 有茶花園、百年的豬圈、桂花、菜豆樹和300年以上的無患子樹，很值得一遊 如果您累了還可以到附近的六窟和七窟泡泡溫泉吃吃當地美食。
(二)湖山國小的親水設施營造與利用
(三)湖山國小教學大樓雨水回收系統與水力發電
陽明山是多雨地區，雖然雨水在這幾年減少許多，雨水回收的利用，正可融入學校的環保教育，讓學生瞭解自然資源的利用情形，而學校用水量最大的是在花木澆灌、馬桶沖水、洗拖把..等這些只要中水處理的水即可，因此如果能截收雨水利用，便可節省許多自來水，降低自來水製造過程中的資源消耗。
(四)蔣公銅像與湖山國小
校門口的這一尊雕像，就像你們看到的雕像的下面有寫了四個字叫民族救星，有些不認識的人會問為什麼他是民族救星呢?
因為在二次世界大戰結束後中國大陸發生內戰，政府在民國三十八年整個撤退到台灣來，那時候在台灣的領導人是這位蔣中正先生，有的人認為他對台灣的經濟建設有很大的貢獻，但也有人認為他是極權統治的獨裁者。
但是不管怎樣
這位以前的人稱為先總統蔣公的蔣中正先生，他最早來台灣居住的地方就在我們學校上面的草山行館，他對湖山國小這附近的居民和師生都有很多的貢獻，所以我們堅持要保留這尊銅像，也把它當作是湖山國小的歷史遺跡。
(五)屋頂田園香草區結合太陽能之運用
屋頂田園設置在校園全日照區域，選擇種植香草植物、百香果等植物，除可綠化、美化外，也可達到建築物降溫之功效，當有來賓到訪時，不再另外泡製茶葉，現場可提供現採香草茶供外賓飲用。
屋頂垂直水耕選擇種植萵苣類蔬菜及各種香草，引入山泉水，多餘之水再匯集入水箱重覆使用，由太陽能板提供馬達抽水之能源，充分運用綠能，達到永續再生之效。
(六)四季時鐘
當站在本校陽明走廊與操場連結口向東望去，紗帽山山形正好成為等腰三角形，成為觀察四季日出位置不同的最佳景點：夏季時太陽直射北半球，夏至當日日出位置在紗帽山北麓最底端，隨著時序移轉，太陽直射地球的位置慢慢偏南，到秋分當日，日出位置恰正是紗帽山頂，而後進入冬天，太陽直照南半球，冬至當日日出位置在南麓最底端，而後日出位置又隨時間慢慢往山頂移動，到春分當日，日出位置又回到紗帽山山頂。
巧合的是四個節氣日出的時間都在早上八時左右（是湖山國小舉行兒童朝會的時間），更方便學生觀察與欣賞。太陽的日出日落，週而復始，默默刻畫著湖山的每一刻。這份四季時鐘，是大自然送給湖山最珍貴的禮物之一。
(七) 後花園與落葉堆肥區
以前為了防風和做出區隔(校外農地)，在校園後方種了一大片的九重葛，但由於九重葛長得太大、太多，纏繞無患子，又容易有很多蛇出沒，因此大約10年前全部就移除掉了。
學校重新種了很多的樹，像是有：櫻花樹、楊柳、樹梅、光臘樹，野薑花和楓樹及一片草地，讓這邊成為了我們湖山國小的後花園。
在無患子樹前的落葉堆肥區更是我們的大寶庫，只要把掃地時的枯枝落葉丟入，枯枝落葉便會慢慢的腐化成非常非常營養有機的腐植土，讓我們拿來可以種菜種花。
這裡是湖山孩子下課遊玩最喜歡的地方之一。
(八)濕地生態區
森林是大自然的肺，能吸收二氧化碳排出氧氣給我們清新的空氣，而溼地則是大自然的腎，透過濕地裡的沉水、挺水、浮葉、漂浮四種植物的不同功能，淨化水資源。
湖山的濕地及溪流原來是水泥化的結構，為了找回符合大自然的樣貌，學校以符合生態工法的方式施作，並用壘石堆切方式，營造多孔隙的生態空間，為防止溪底滲漏，利用牛踏層的古老工法施做，溪流上游處藉由草溝初濾、滯流沈沙、植物吸附、礫層過濾、跌水曝氧方式，淨化水質，以方便下游的漂布池藍染教學時漂布、用具清洗及澆灌花木汲水之用。
(九) 溫泉與水力發電
1.溫泉泡腳池:
湖山國小得天獨厚的位處在紗帽山的西南側，大屯火山群〝後活山活動所遺留下來充沛的地熱資源，加上紗帽上所蓄積的豐沛泉水，從金山斷層的裂系中蜂擁而出，讓湖山國小擁有特別的水資源-溫泉。
感謝教育局及產發局的協助.給學校經費探勘溫泉以及建置溫泉泡腳區，溫泉井深度約110公尺，泉質屬於鐵質溫泉，溫度約40度，Ph值約6.3，為中性，它會氧化，呈現金黃色，因此又稱黃金湯泉。
2.水力發電體驗區：
利用校內溫泉泡腳區的溫泉水以及流經校園豐沛的湖山溪溪水，利用水的位能(高低落差)成為水車的動能，帶動發電機發電，發電功率約5瓦，可讓燈泡發亮4-5小時。水力發電是廉價又無污染的綠色能源，透過這個體驗區啟發湖山孩子對能源更多的想法。
Integration of Taipei Municipal Husan Elementary School
and the Community
Principal of
Taipei Husan Elementary School, M.C. Lin
Translated by
Translated by Kaifu Chang
Location of Taipei Municipal Husan Elementary School
Located in the lake bottom basin of Yangmingshan ranges and
surrounded by the lava-formed hills, Husan Elementary School is
like a beloved child embraced by her dear mother. With Mt.
Shamao on the east, Mt.Qiku on the west and Mt.
Qixing on the north which stops the
northern wind in winters, these special conditions
geographically referred as the barrier lake have made the basin
suitable for human beings to dwell in.
Husan Elementary School lies in the basin with land of 10000
square meters, small but covered with branches and thick shade.
The environment has been well-known with eco-diversity for its
springs, creeks, and hot springs. Also, accompanied by the
well-preserved community nearby and its elegant pathways of
hundred-year-old trees, we can see the beauty of ecology and
culture here.
Based on the factors mentioned above,
Husan Elementary School and adjacent community have become a
community of intellect, rationality, humanity and nature.
With the beautiful campus scenery and rich natural
resources, Husan Elementary School has utilized these advantages
to develop the school visons focusing on nature, experiencing,
learning and living. The curriculum and the school management
are carried out according to these visions. And the educational
activities such as traditional drums, graduation ceremony
concert, indigo dyeing, pottery, calligraphy, The Etiquette Day,
interschool
communication and so on are deeply engraved with these ideas.
Integration of the School , community teaching and of
little narrators
The biological school-based courses were designed by Husan
Elementary School including little farms and little narrators.
Husan Trails and the Community
It takes roughly half an hour to take a round trip on the
trails. The round trip distance is 1.3 km. Travelers will pass
the Husan Mini Hydropower Plant and the community. There are
benches for visitors to take a rest on. Meanwhile, the camellia
garden, the old-time pigsty, hundred-year-old trees are all
worthy of visiting. If travelers are tired, they can go to the
nearby hot springs and enjoy the delicacies.
The Construction and Utilization of Husan Riverbank
Facilities
The creek around the campus
The spring in front of the pottery workshop
The hot spring
pool
Rainwater Recycling System and Hydropower Generating of
Husan Education Building
Yangmingshan is a pluvial region. Although, it rained much
less than previous years, the rainwater recycling can be of
environmental education purpose which makes students aware of
the natural resources utilization. The major water consumption
in the school is plants watering, toilets flushing and mops
cleaning. All the mentioned water using can be decreased by
utilizing reclaimed water. If we collect and recycle the
rainwater, much tap water and resources consuming can be
reduced.
Statue of Chiang Kai-shek and Husan Elementary School
People can see four words engraved at the statue bottom
which says the Savior of Fellow People standing by the school
gate. There was a civil war in the Mainland China. After that,
The KMT government retreated to Taiwan. During that time, Chiang
was the president. Some think that he made a great contribution
to Taiwan. On the other hand, some regard him as a dictator of
totalitarianism.
Whatever the
preference, the Chiang Kai-shek Villa locates near our school.
This means a lot to our school and local residents, so this
statue is reserved for a historical purpose.
Herbs Garden and the Solar Power on the Roof
Herbs were planted in the roof garden. The green space not
only makes the campus beautiful but also helps to lower the
temperature of the building. Whenever there are visitors, the
herbs are ready to serve as scented tea during the meetings. On the
hydroponic and vertical farms, we
introduced the spring water from mountains and collected the
extra water for reusing. The electricity for the pumps was
generated from the solar power panels. By using green energy, we
try to make the efficiency sustainable.
Season Clock
Mt. Shamao is the best place on campus to observe sunrises
in different seasons. As time goes by, the sun rises at the
different spots of the mountain. The sun rises at 8 a.m. when
students gathering begins in respective solar terms such as
equinoxes and solstices. This has made the sun rise observation
more easier. This season clock is definitely one of
Husan’s precious gifts given by nature.
The Back Yard and the Compost Area
A lot of bougainvillea had been planted but was removed
ten years ago because of snakes’ appearances and pruning
difficulties. The school has then planted cherry trees, willows,
raspberries,
Griffith's Ashes, ginger lilies, maple trees and lawn.
The compost area is our treasure-house. By putting in the
leaves and sticks, the humus is then produced which can be used
to plant vegetables or flowers. This is the place where child
like to stay during their recess.
Wetlands
Forests are the lungs of nature which absorb carbon
dioxide and produce fresh air. While wetlands are the kidneys of
nature which purify the water through the plants within.
To rediscover the
original look of nature, Eco-Engineering methods were adopted to
construct the wetlands in Husan. By piling rocks, many
inhabiting places was spaced out.
To avoid leaking from bottom of the creek, the
plow sole layer was paved under. The water could be
filtered before reaching downstream for indigo dyeing and plants
watering.
Hot Spring and Hydropower Generating
Hot Spring Pool
Husan Elementary School sits at the west southern side of
Mt. Shamao where
abundant spring flowing out from Jinshan fault line and rich
geothermal energy left since post volcanic action of Tatun
volcano group. Therefore, Husan Elementary School is granted
with a unique water resource, hot spring.
Thanks to the support from Department of Education Bureau
and
Department of Economic Development of Taipei City
Government, we are able to explore the hot spring and build the
pool. The depth of
the hot spring well is around 110 meters. The water whose
temperature is about 40 degree Celsius is rich in iron and gold
in color. As a result, the hot spring is named Gold Hot Spring.
Hydropower Generating
Experiencing Area
Utilizing the water from the spring and Husan Creek, the electricity is generated. Hydropower is a green energy. This area can inspire students with more thoughts toward energy.
