環境教育「斷捨離」-打造「環境美學」綠校園

文•圖/新北市環教輔導團團員、深坑國小教師陳瑞玲

    深坑國小在推動環境教育的規劃過程中，每個空間營造的角落都有許多的綠色故事可以說說，「從地景中學習」結合了全校師生、職員、家長、鄰居等，自行研發、動手建設和維護，一同規劃校園教學及動手改善學校環境，一切自己動手來做，從作中學，因此所需經費甚少（方偉達，1998）；「在地景中學習」可以說是深坑國小打造「環境美學」綠校園的一個很棒的註解。

從回收舊物囤積症到源頭管控的「不塑之客」

    而關於環境教育的「斷捨離」是從事環境教育十多年的經驗分享，以前最拿手的就是資源回收了，近幾年最大的成長是回收的價值觀產生質變了，以前無論遇到怎樣的垃圾，腦袋裡總會湧上一些內心戲，「為了地球環保一定不能浪費」，「總有一天一定會再用到的」、「所以一定要好好收好」或者變賣再利用。從衛生組到環境教育組組長，我有五年資源回收的豐富經驗，早期節儉，就是甚麼都撿的觀念，撿到學校再多幾個回收室都不夠收納的窘境，到現在學習到源頭管控才是根本；我們檢討統計所有的回收物然後宣導少用一次性容器，減少一切必須回收的紙類鋁鉑類，改以重複使用的容器來減少回收的量。
    這樣的轉變源自於「減法的空間營造」的概念，這是當年跟著環教輔導團胥直強教授，到處訪視新北市各級優秀學校，所得到的影響及一種轉念，這也得感謝我自己從民國九十二年參加環境教育輔導團，至今經過不斷的進修學習，願意改變自己及跟夥伴們學習。

將資源回收室改成食農教室

    結合以上因素，於是產生了屬於深坑國小的環境教育空間美學營造的新概念，從一直採用回收物收集回收物囤積症患者，到源頭管控的「不塑之客」，於是我們的回收室被我們開會討論後就決議消滅它了；從此當天物品當天回收，就像垃圾的處理方式我們再也不囤積回收物了，並將資源回收室改成食農教室。一路走來雖然跌跌撞撞，倒也覺得蠻值得和大家分享的。
    起初我們改造的食農教室只是單純設置一個窯其中並沒有要設置灶的想法，然而「從地景中學習」（Learning Through Landscape，LTL），是結合校內外各界的力量與意見，共同建立環境營造和學習組織，透過地景的學習，將學校視為一個大教室來規劃學習場地，在戶外進行各種不同科目的教學活動，並提供學生參與學校環境事務的機會，提出改進校園景觀的建議；我們的食農教室就是這麼誕生，經過很多次的永續校園規畫小組會議，老師提出既然已經有了西方的窯讓自然老師教一教輻射熱，是不是也要有中式的灶來方便老師教社會綜合科呢？於是建築師參考了老師的建議。

食農教室裡面的灶裡面有許多小學生的掌印，灶的尺寸大小也是位小學生量身訂做的。	披薩窯裡面有許多兒童陶藝作品鑲嵌其上，有了兒童的元素怎樣看都可愛。

大台北地區寸土寸金，再捨不得也要捨，有捨才有得。經過捨去就會減少消費，一種丟光光就不敢再亂買的概念，從原本髒亂不堪甚麼都撿的，都想再利用的資源回收教室，打造成現在不僅可以實施食農教育的食農教室，更是使用率最高最受歡迎的教室。

環境教育的空間營造細細打造每一寸都要有環保意識，省電的燈具是一定必備的，靠牆面的水管，是我們請建築師一定要為了我們的中水再利用教學方便所留下來的明管。

整齊清潔的環境，除了使用率高，也改變了教學型態。有更多的志工老師樂意參加並協助教學 。	從祖孫共餐到低、中、高年級不同科目、不同課程在隨時進行，創意隨時在課程中發想。

深坑國小魚菜共生池是一座景觀作物池，建置過程如下:

老師學生一起動手做	很快就充滿蛙鳴鳥叫，眾多生物前來驗收

溫室捨去耗能增加環保節能設施

     綠能溫室灌溉的水源是來自舊有的雨水回收系統，能源則是使用太陽能板的微弱電源，達到教學效果。四面的綠圍籬則是用來降低室內溫度的，整個溫室內完全是透水鋪面。

生態池斷捨離捨去木棧平台增加透水鋪面及友善兒童步道

沒有買賣沒有傷害這裡都是免費的原生種天堂

綠色校園的其他空間營造

情境設置以教學為主，這樣上自然課是學童最專注最用心的時刻	教學以兒童為主校園的每個角落，有了兒童的笑聲學習聲，這樣快樂學習讓校園變得更美好

結語

     為了活化教學深化教學使學習更有趣，強調五感學習學生擁有與生俱來的感官，就是探索世界的絕佳工具。杜威（ John Dewey ）曾說：「一盎司經驗勝過一噸的理論。（ An ounce of experience is better than a tone of theory）」（引自梁瑞安，1999），強調要透過親身經驗的做中學（Learning by doing），才能產生深刻的體認與啟發。環境教育「斷捨離」-打造「環境美學」綠校園，深坑國小的綠色故事還在持續有趣的發生中……

Environmental Education, to Build a Green Campus of Environmental Aesthetics 

R.L., Chen.

Member of NTPC Environmental Education and Counseling Groups

Translated by Translated by Kaifu Chang

Numerous related stories of each corner can be told when promoting environmental education in Shenkeng Elementary School. With the collaboration of teachers, students, staff, parents and neighbors, we designed, built and maintained the campus together within limited budget. Learning through landscape can thus be an eloquent footnote for Shenkeng Elementary School.    

From Being Compulsive Hoarding to a Plasticarian

   As the chief of environmental education section, I was very good at recycling. “ We should protect the earth.” “Someday, it will come in handy.” “Make sure to store them in place.” Even with five years of rich experience regarding to recycling, recently, something has changed.  Collecting to many recyclable materials can be troublesome for there may not always be sufficient room to store. A good control over the recyclable waste from the beginning was the key point. By reducing disposal container using, the amount of recyclable wastes was decreased. 

   The transformation was influenced by the concept of “ Less is More.” Thanks to  Prof. Hsu and participation of NTPC Environmental Education and Counseling Groups, I have been willing to learn and share the ideas with partners.

Changing the Recycling Room into Food and Agriculture Classroom

New environmental aesthetics of Shengkeng Elementary School has therefore formed. From a compulsive hoarding patient to a plasticarian, we have decided to close our recycling  warehouse. From then on, we no longer store but dispose of recyclable waste on that day. We have been stumbling on the way, but it is worthwhile to share the ideas with others.
    At the beginning, we only wanted to build a kiln. A  Chinese range was not on the list. However, the idea of learning through landscape was to combine people’s opinions and effort creating environment development and a learning organization. The whole campus was therefore considered a big class room providing students with chances to take part in school’s environmental business and bring forth suggestions. One meeting after another, we built a western kiln to introduce radiant heat. “Why don’t we have another eastern range?” The recommendation was welcomed.

     Less is more. The used-to-be messy recycling room has changed into food and agriculture classroom which is more popular as well as frequently-used.

There are many hand prints on the range.
Meanwhile, the range was customized according to students’ needs.
There are many students’ cute pottery works embedded on the kiln.

Energy-saving lights are necessary.
Everything in the environmental education classroom should be environmental friendly.

Tidy and clean environment have made this classroom popular
and changed the teaching patterns.
More and more volunteers joined and helped to instruct students.

Aquaponics System of Shengkeng Elementary School

Working together, croaking of frogs and chirping of birds are heard everywhere soon.

Energy Saving Devices in the Greenhouse

      The water used for irrigation was from the old rain water collecting system, while the electricity from the solar panels which also provided educational benefits. The surrounded green fences were built to lower the indoor temperature. The greenhouse was paved with permeable pavement.

Recycled materials for decoration on campus 

The abandoned wooden paths and the establishment of permeable pavement and children-friendly path

  Other Space Creation on Green Campus

Wall painting decoration 

Waste soil recycling

Pumpkins grown on campus 

Instructional boards designed by students 

Work sheets  

Every corner on campus can be the best classroom.

The most concentrated moment

Conclusion To make learning more interesting and to achieve the goal of creative teaching, the bests world-exploring tools which we emphasized are the inherent senses. John Dewey once stated that, “ An ounce of experience is better than a tone of theory.” Profound experience and enlightenment can be triggered through learning by doing. Building a Green Campus of Environmental Aesthetics, the next page of story in Shengkeng Elementary School continues…