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When Children and Biodiversity Meet

M.F.Chen

 ±i³Í´_ Ķ

   Biodiversity is a recently-developed concept which indicates the extent of life changing. The earth has been nourishing various kinds of environments and species and therefore created an interacting dynamic balance. This balance concerns not only about human existence but also a moral value as well as aesthetics which entails that every living creature is one and only and deeply-interwoven. With this aesthetic basis and moral feelings, we can carry out the environmental protection and preservation for the loving of our planet.  
The Aspects of Biodiversity:
ƒÜ  Ecosystem diversity
    Species diversity
ƒÜ  Genetic diversity

Ecosystem diversity

¡@¡@Ecosystem diversity means the different forms of the environment which students can observe directly. For example, in the integrative activities of second grade, students explore the campus to find some places humid and damp or sunny and dry where can be regarded as microhabitats.
¡@¡@You are where you were brought up with. In terms of ecology, it means the environment which makes life survive. Students observe the differences among various surroundings to discover the life exists within. The author has stated that different butterflies appear in different environment. Because people did not pay enough attention, butterflies were not noticed on certain campus.

    When students learn the global geological concept in the fifth grade, they will be introduced various kinds of surroundings and animals on the earth. In order to adapt themselves to the environment, many animals have evolved some specialties to survive in specific environment. And we can therefore discuss whether the environment modified the animals or the animals selected the environment.

Ecosystem Diversity in the Game?
¡@¡@Undoubtedly, adopting games to explore ecosystem diversity can be more interesting and impressive.
¡@¡@For example, in the Swiss-designed game Minecraft, numerous kinds of ecosystems with according temperature, rainfall, snow, animals and vegetation can be seen. When playing, students will experience that different environment made different animals. Some may have strongly affected on human beings¡¦ survival.  Senior students can indicate the rainfall and the temperature are two major variables which made the vegetation grow differently.

Recently, the Pokemon fever has been drawing people¡¦s attention. It is a virtual game based on ecosystem of islands which also involved foreign species threats.

¡@¡@These two games may be considered as tools of ecosystem diversity introduction. If we want to see the fruitfulness of animals in the future, we need to take actions to protect our ecosystem.
¡@   Moreover, there are board games such as Zany Penguins, Meltdown whose themes are survival on the ice. Zany Penguins is suitable for lower graders, while Meltdown for higher. These games can make students aware that if we cannot preserve the ecosystem diversity of some macro environment, a large scale of animal extinction may occur. 

Species Diversity

¡@¡@Species diversity is academically defined as the species inhabit in a certain area which includes two aspects.
Ć Species Abundance
    Species Evenness
  ¡@Species diversity can be examined by food chains. If the predators of the food chain live on three kinds of animals, when one of those prey has been less or existent, the predators themselves can still survive with the other two prey.  On the contrary, if there is only one kind of prey which the predators can live on with, once the number of the prey changes, the influence will be on the predators soon. 
¡@¡@That is to say, the higher the species diversity, the greater the potential of recovering from the expecting disturbance is.  The interaction among the biological groups are more stable with higher species diversity.
¡@¡@How species diversity is created? First, a stable environment is required. Stability of environment ensures the species finding their suitable and long-term inhabits. Generally speaking, when there is more frequent disturbance, the animals are hard to adjust themselves to the environment. To create a stable animal community, a safe and sound environment is a prerequisite.
¡@¡@Also, artificial or natural disturbance can enhance species diversity for example, natural or man-made migration. The process of the environment changing has made numerous kinds of micro inhabits lie within which increase the species diversity. 

Observation of Species Diversity on Campus
¡@  Students can observe species diversity on campus wherever the biological environment is good or not.

¡@¡@Students can document various kinds of insects or animals to investigate the species diversity on campus. Identifying each kind of animals may not be so easy for students. As a result, the documentation will be sufficient instead of estimation.   
¡@¡@There are two ways for species diversity investigation of newly-established or metropolitan schools.

    First, idolize certain land and observe the change from nothing to something. Generally speaking, some pioneer plants will soon start to thrive. And then more and more animals appear thereafter. This observation can be lengthy and tedious but suitable for periodically documentation. The Fu-Young Park in Taipei city can serve as a good example for its three-year-change documentation regarding to environment and species.
¡@¡@Second, create a mini biological system and make students document the species diversity of it. The large-scale one can be ecological ponds, edible landscapes of food and agriculture education while small-scale fish tanks, leaf piles and earthworms observation tanks. Through the micro-biological system observation, students can understand there has to be competition when propagating animals and some may reflect the change of the environment.  

Genetic Diversity
¡@¡@Genetic diversity exists in species which indicates the extent of genetic transforming including the potential variables that may led to evolution.  When encountering environment changes, those species with high genetic diversity are more likely to survive.
¡@¡@Since genetics is not a major theme in elementary school, we therefore focus on genetic observation, for example the hereditary characters discussed in the fifth graders¡¦ science textbooks.   

     The paradise fish is a kind of animal of great genetic diversity. There are so many subspecies of paradise fish all around the world. They differ from one another in many respects like caudal fins, dorsal fins, body shapes and colors. These are the demonstrations of genetic diversity. if some of the subspecies gets the dominant advantage in the wild habitats, the genetic diversity will be withered and the possibilities of new species evolution decreased.
¡@¡@ The fact has proved that the pace of insects evolution has been slowing down and the genetic diversity decreasing. And chance of species extinction is rising.   

Conclusion

Biodiversity can be novice for both children and adults. The author would like to propose that the value lies within the biodiversity instead of those general knowledge. Teachers can introduce biodiversity on campus to make students explore and learn how to cherish this planet.