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When Children and Biodiversity Meet
M.F.Chen
±i³Í´_ Ķ
Biodiversity
is a recently-developed concept which indicates the extent of life changing. The
earth has been nourishing various kinds of environments and species and
therefore created an interacting dynamic balance. This balance concerns not only
about human existence but also a moral value as well as aesthetics which entails
that every living creature is one and only and deeply-interwoven. With this
aesthetic basis and moral feelings, we can carry out the environmental
protection and preservation for the loving of our planet.
The Aspects of Biodiversity:
Ć Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Ć Genetic diversity
Ecosystem diversity
¡@¡@Ecosystem
diversity means the different forms of the environment which students can
observe directly. For example, in the integrative activities of second grade,
students explore the campus to find some places humid and damp or sunny and dry
where can be regarded as microhabitats.
¡@¡@You
are where you were brought up with. In terms of ecology, it means the
environment which makes life survive. Students observe the differences among
various surroundings to discover the life exists within. The author has stated
that different butterflies appear in different environment. Because people did
not pay enough attention, butterflies were not noticed on certain campus.
When students learn the global geological concept in the fifth grade, they will be introduced various kinds of surroundings and animals on the earth. In order to adapt themselves to the environment, many animals have evolved some specialties to survive in specific environment. And we can therefore discuss whether the environment modified the animals or the animals selected the environment.
Ecosystem Diversity in the Game?
¡@¡@Undoubtedly,
adopting games to explore ecosystem diversity can be more interesting and
impressive.
¡@¡@For
example, in the Swiss-designed game Minecraft, numerous kinds of ecosystems with
according temperature, rainfall, snow, animals and vegetation can be seen. When
playing, students will experience that different environment made different
animals. Some may have strongly affected on human beings¡¦ survival. Senior
students can indicate the rainfall and the temperature are two major variables
which made the vegetation grow differently.
Recently, the Pokemon fever has been drawing people¡¦s attention. It is a virtual game based on ecosystem of islands which also involved foreign species threats.
¡@¡@These
two games may be considered as tools of ecosystem diversity introduction. If we
want to see the fruitfulness of animals in the future, we need to take actions
to protect our ecosystem.
¡@
Moreover, there are board games such as Zany Penguins, Meltdown whose themes are
survival on the ice. Zany Penguins is suitable for lower graders, while Meltdown
for higher. These games can make students aware that if we cannot preserve the
ecosystem diversity of some macro environment, a large scale of animal
extinction may occur.
Species Diversity
¡@¡@Species
diversity is academically defined as the species inhabit in a certain area which
includes two aspects.
Ć
Species Abundance
Species Evenness
¡@Species
diversity can be examined by food chains. If the predators of the food chain
live on three kinds of animals, when one of those prey has been less or
existent, the predators themselves can still survive with the other two prey.
On the contrary, if there is only one kind of prey which the predators can live
on with, once the number of the prey changes, the influence will be on the
predators soon.
¡@¡@That
is to say, the higher the species diversity, the greater the potential of
recovering from the expecting disturbance is. The interaction among the
biological groups are more stable with higher species diversity.
¡@¡@How
species diversity is created? First, a stable environment is required. Stability
of environment ensures the species finding their suitable and long-term
inhabits. Generally speaking, when there is more frequent disturbance, the
animals are hard to adjust themselves to the environment. To create a stable
animal community, a safe and sound environment is a prerequisite.
¡@¡@Also,
artificial or natural disturbance can enhance species diversity for example,
natural or man-made migration. The process of the environment changing has made
numerous kinds of micro inhabits lie within which increase the species
diversity.
Observation of Species Diversity on Campus
¡@ Students
can observe species diversity on campus wherever the biological environment is
good or not.
¡@¡@Students
can document various kinds of insects or animals to investigate the species
diversity on campus. Identifying each kind of animals may not be so easy for
students. As a result, the documentation will be sufficient instead of
estimation.
¡@¡@There
are two ways for species diversity investigation of newly-established or
metropolitan schools.
First, idolize certain land and observe the change from nothing to something.
Generally speaking, some pioneer plants will soon start to thrive. And then more
and more animals appear thereafter. This observation can be lengthy and tedious
but suitable for periodically documentation. The Fu-Young Park in Taipei city
can serve as a good example for its three-year-change documentation regarding to
environment and species.
¡@¡@Second,
create a mini biological system and make students document the species diversity
of it. The large-scale one can be ecological ponds, edible landscapes of food
and agriculture education while small-scale fish tanks, leaf piles and
earthworms observation tanks. Through the micro-biological system observation,
students can understand there has to be competition when propagating animals and
some may reflect the change of the environment.
Genetic Diversity
¡@¡@Genetic
diversity exists in species which indicates the extent of genetic transforming
including the potential variables that may led to evolution. When encountering
environment changes, those species with high genetic diversity are more likely
to survive.
¡@¡@Since
genetics is not a major theme in elementary school, we therefore focus on
genetic observation, for example the hereditary characters discussed in the
fifth graders¡¦ science textbooks.
The paradise fish is a kind of animal of great genetic diversity. There are so
many subspecies of paradise fish all around the world. They differ from one
another in many respects like caudal fins, dorsal fins, body shapes and colors.
These are the demonstrations of genetic diversity. if some of the subspecies
gets the dominant advantage in the wild habitats, the genetic diversity will be
withered and the possibilities of new species evolution decreased.
¡@¡@ The
fact has proved that the pace of insects evolution has been slowing down and the
genetic diversity decreasing. And chance of species extinction is rising.
Conclusion
Biodiversity can be novice for both children and adults. The author would like to propose that the value lies within the biodiversity instead of those general knowledge. Teachers can introduce biodiversity on campus to make students explore and learn how to cherish this planet.